ACADEMIC REFERENCES

Works Cited

All sources cited across the AAI Clinical Framework website, formatted per APA 7th Edition. This reference list corresponds to the inline citations used throughout the site and to the CVC Capstone Submission — Michigan State University (April 19, 2026).

Living Educational Document: This site is a living, evolving record of an educational journey into clinical practice — beginning with the MSU CVC Capstone and continuing through graduate study at Spring Arbor University and beyond. It does not represent a currently credentialed AAI program or active clinical practice.

Animal-Assisted Intervention

Beetz, A., Uvnäs-Moberg, K., Julius, H., & Kotrschal, K. (2012). Psychosocial and psychophysiological effects of human-animal interactions: The possible role of oxytocin. Frontiers in Psychology, 3, Article 234.

doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00234
AAI Framework — MechanismsClinical Tools — DPT & Proximity

Harrison, A. L. (2022). Equine-assisted interventions for veterans with PTSD: A systematic review [Doctoral dissertation, Eastern Kentucky University]. EKU Encompass.

encompass.eku.edu/psych_doctorals/26
AAI Framework — Evidence Base

Nimer, J., & Lundahl, B. (2007). Animal-assisted therapy: A meta-analysis. Anthrozoös, 20(3), 225–238.

doi.org/10.2752/089279307X224773
AAI Framework — MechanismsAAI Framework — Evidence Base

O'Haire, M. E., Guérin, N. A., & Kirkham, A. C. (2015). Animal-assisted intervention for trauma: A systematic literature review. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, Article 1582.

doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01582
AAI Framework — Evidence Base

van Houtert, E. A. E., Endenburg, N., Wijnker, J. J., Rodenburg, B., & Vermetten, E. (2018). To adopt a military working dog: A survey among veterans to establish the dog's role in post-deployment mental health. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 9(1), Article 1564169.

doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2018.1564169
AAI Framework — Evidence Base

Trauma, Moral Injury & Neuroscience

Litz, B. T., Stein, N., Delaney, E., Lebowitz, L., Nash, W. P., Silva, C., & Maguen, S. (2009). Moral injury and moral repair in war veterans: A preliminary model and intervention strategy. Clinical Psychology Review, 29(8), 695–706.

doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2009.07.003
AAI Framework — Moral InjuryProgram Design — MIIRP Integration

Porges, S. W. (2011). The polyvagal theory: Neurophysiological foundations of emotions, attachment, communication, and self-regulation. W. W. Norton & Company.

wwnorton.com
AAI Framework — MechanismsClinical Tools — Interruption

van der Kolk, B. A. (2014). The body keeps the score: Brain, mind, and body in the healing of trauma. Viking.

besselvanderkolk.com
AAI Framework — Overview

Legal & Regulatory Framework

Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, 42 U.S.C. § 12101 et seq.

ada.gov/law-and-regs/ada
Training Standards — Legal Framework

Michigan Legislature. (2015a). Public Act 146 of 2015: Identification and patch for service animals.

legislature.mi.gov — PA 146
Training Standards — Michigan PA 146 & 147

Michigan Legislature. (2015b). Public Act 147 of 2015: Service animals, fraudulent use, reporting, and penalties.

legislature.mi.gov — PA 147
Training Standards — Michigan PA 146 & 147

U.S. Department of Justice, Civil Rights Division. (2010). ADA requirements: Service animals.

ada.gov/resources/service-animals-2010-requirements
Training Standards — Legal Framework

Training Standards & Program Resources

Assistance Dogs International. (n.d.). Public access test.

assistancedogsinternational.org
Benny — Training Program

International Association of Assistance Dog Partners. (n.d.). IAADP minimum training standards for public access.

iaadp.org
Training Standards — IAADP StandardsBenny — Training Program

Therapy Dogs International. (n.d.). Testing requirements. Retrieved April 19, 2026, from http://www.tdi-dog.org/HowToJoin.aspx?Page=Testing+Requirements

tdi-dog.org/HowToJoin.aspx
Benny — Training Milestones

Policy & Federal Resources

The White House. (2026, April 18). President Trump signs an executive order, Apr. 18, 2026 [Video]. YouTube.

youtube.com/watch?v=8xrI-_qo64E
CVC Capstone Submission — Policy Context
AAI Clinical Framework · bennyclinical.com · Michael Spayde, SPHR · MSW Student, Spring Arbor University
Last updated: April 20, 2026 · APA 7th Edition